India Pushes Tokenization Bill to Open Billion-Dollar Real Estate to Middle Class — Will It Pass?

India’s Parliament this week argued about bringing asset tokenization into the country’s formal legal framework, as lawmakers debated whether digital fractional ownership could widen access to wealth while keeping capital anchored at home.

Speaking in the Rajya Sabha on Tuesday, Member of Parliament Raghav Chadha urged the government to introduce a dedicated Tokenization Bill that would allow assets such as real estate, infrastructure projects, and intellectual property to be divided into digital units and purchased in small portions.

Chadha framed the proposal as a financial inclusion measure, drawing a parallel with India’s Unified Payments Interface, which transformed everyday payments by lowering entry barriers for millions of users.

Can Tokenization Unlock Wealth for India’s Middle Class, or Is Regulation Holding It Back?

Chadha told lawmakers that India’s middle class remains largely limited to savings accounts, fixed deposits, and mutual funds, with little exposure to assets that typically generate higher long-term returns.

He argued that tokenization could allow ordinary investors to buy small stakes in office buildings, highways, and other capital-intensive projects, while also providing faster liquidity without relying on brokers or complex paperwork.

He called for bespoke legislation and a regulatory sandbox that would allow new models to be tested under supervision, rather than being forced into existing and often ill-fitting rules.

With a population estimated at about 1.46 billion people and a median age under 30, the country has seen sharp reductions in extreme poverty, which is now estimated at around 1% using the $2.15-per-day benchmark.

Broader poverty measures still show large gaps, however, with more than a quarter of the population falling under the lower-middle-income poverty line.

Only a smaller portion of household wealth is actively deployed in financial markets, leaving limited room for diversification into assets such as carbon credits, infrastructure, or commercial property.

Early Tokenization Efforts Emerge as Regulators Urge Caution

Supporters of tokenization say fractional ownership could lower minimum investment thresholds and draw parts of this idle capital into more productive use.

Critics note that the pool of people able to participate meaningfully remains constrained by income levels and uneven financial literacy.

India already has early experiments in this space. In GIFT City, platforms such as Tokeny and Terazo have worked on regulated tokenized real estate structures, typically using special purpose vehicles and public blockchains like Polygon.

These efforts operate under existing securities and virtual digital asset rules, rather than a unified tokenization law.

The Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India have both allowed limited pilots but have stressed caution, especially around investor protection and settlement risk.

State-Level Momentum Grows, Yet India Falls Behind on Asset Tokenization

Momentum has also come from state governments. In November, Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis said the state was working toward a framework that could unlock an estimated ₹50 trillion in idle capital by digitizing asset transfers, particularly in Mumbai’s real estate market.

The announcement followed RBI disclosures that its wholesale central bank digital currency pilots for financial instruments had improved settlement efficiency, reinforcing interest in blockchain-based infrastructure.

Despite this activity, India still trails countries that have moved faster on asset tokenization.

Jurisdictions such as the UAE, Singapore, Germany, Hong Kong, and the United States have adopted clearer legal standards allowing regulated platforms to offer fractional ownership to retail investors.

In Dubai, for example, property tokenization pilots have reduced entry points from millions of dirhams to a few thousand, while Singapore’s Project Guardian has focused on institutional-grade frameworks that can later scale to the public.

Indian policymakers have been wary of moving too quickly, citing complex land titles, fragmented state laws, and data privacy concerns.

The result is that tokenization remains narrow in scope, even as crypto adoption at the grassroots level is high.